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COMPRESSION SPRINGS
COMPRESSION SPRINGS
Compression Springs
It is a spring created by winding various types of metal coils into a spiral until it forms a shape to receive compressive or axial pressure. Compression springs are most often found in automotive spare parts, industrial machinery, furniture, electrical appliances, etc.
Changing the compression distance of this type of spring, if we want the spring to be compressed, the more force it must exert. It is called linear rate of change or linear force which obeys Hooke's law. The force that causes a change in the compression distance of the spring can be found from the algebraic expansion equation, which is F=kX, where F is the force that causes a change in the distance of the spring, X is the change in distance of the spring, and k is spring constant.
The spring constant determines how much force is required to deform or travel the spring. The standard international unit of measurement is Newton/meter (N/m), but in North America it is usually measured in pounds/inch (lbs/in). The higher the spring constant (k), the more spring it has very hardness. On the other hand, if the spring constant is small, the spring will be weaker. The spring constant can be determined by four parameters:
Wire Diameter: The diameter of spring wire.
Coil Diameter: The diameter of each coil of the spring that is wound.
Free Length: Free length of spring.
Number of Active Coils: The number of turns the spring coil can freely expand and contract.
In addition, the material from which the spring is made also plays a role in determining the constant value of the spring as well as other physical properties of the spring as well.
In winding the coils of a compression spring, there are various winding styles such as:
Straight Coil: It involves winding coils of the same diameter throughout the entire length of the spring.
Variable Rate: It involves winding coils with different coil spacing throughout the length of the spring.
Concave Spring: It involves winding the coils into an hourglass shape with the smallest diameter in the middle of the spring length.
Conical Spring: It involves winding the coils into a conical shape by gradually reducing or increasing the diameter of each coil throughout the length of the spring.
Barrel Spring / Convex Spring: It involves winding the coil to have the largest diameter in the middle of the spring length.
Banana Spring / Sideload Spring: It involves winding the coil into a shape similar to a banana, the shape counteracts lateral forces.
There are also styles of wrapping the head and tail of the spring in various ways, such as:
Open Ends: It is an open-ended spring coil winding.
Ground Ends: winding the spring coils at the end of a plane.
Closed Ends: It involves winding the spring coils so that the distance between the final coils is one turn close together.
Double Closed Ends: This involves winding the spring coils so that the distance between the last coil is two turns close together.
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